| File number: chaq0010 © South American Pictures/ Tony Morrison Chile: Valdivia was founded in 1522 by the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. It became an important port and from the middle of the 17th century the Spaniards built castles and forts to defend it. Late in the 19th century German immigrants arrived, bringing industry, and building German-style homes, a few of which still exist today.
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