The Nonesuch,  Flower of Bristol - An Emblem for Enterprise

Known as the 'Flower of Bristol' or 'Flower of Bristowe' after its association with Bristol the historic port in the western part of England. It was from Bristol that John Cabot [Giovanni Caboto] set out in 1497 on the first of a series of voyages of discovery to the north American mainland. Other navigators followed and Bristol became a port for explorers, traders, pirates and privateers. The Nonesuch is the City's floral emblem.

the Nonesuch has various names. It is best remembered as the Nonesuch, or None-Such and is also called the Scarlet Lychnis, Scarlet Lightning, Contantinopolianus flos and botanically as Lychnis chalcedonica. A Greek philosopher, Theophrastus [who died in about 287 BCE] is credited with giving the name Lychnis meaning 'lamp' after the brilliant colouring of the flowers. The references are not certain and the most respected early record was made by an Italian, Ulysses Aldrovandus a plant collector. He kept a botanical garden in Bologna and in 1570 wrote of the flower as 'Flos Creticus' or or Flower of Candia using the old name for Crete. The flower still grows on the island.

The Nonesuch is a native of eastern Russia. The first reference to the plant in England was made in 1593 and it is believed that seeds were carried to the Mediterranean countries by Crusaders [1] where became known in French, German and Spanish as 'The Cross of Jerusalem', in Italian as 'the Cross of the Knights' and in Portuguese, 'the Cross of Malta'. The connection with these religious orders may also be related to the shape of the flower. The deeply forked five petals resemble the badge worn by the Knights Hospitaliers and the Knights Templar [2] It was not until the 16th century that the flower was brought to England by the seafaring traders of Bristol to become the Nonesuch, the Flower of Bristowe or simply the Campion of Constantinople. Today the flower grows wild in some parts of the Avon River Gorge near the city and is cultivated in local gardens.

The Nonesuch flowers are unforgettably red. The name seems to have been given by the people of Bristol in the 16th century because the colour was 'without equal' The brilliant scarlet was seen as Bristol Red after a dye used in the local woollen trade. Since those times the flower has become the floral emblem for the city and its colour is used for the 'hoods' of the academic gowns of the University of Bristol. Tony Morrison and Mark Howell both graduates of the University of Bristol adopted the name ' Nonesuch ' in 1962 for a small company they created to make television films. The Nonesuch Red is used on this site.

Lychnis is a genus or group of plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae usually known as as the 'Pink Family' which includes such well known garden flowers as Carnations [español- clavel /portugues cravo], Sweet Williams and Pinks. In England the flowers appear from early to mid -summer- [late May to August].

Lychnis chalcedonica is a perennial[3] It grows to between 1.5 and 3.5 feet[30cms + 1.10m] high with a long, erect rough haired stem. The leaves are ovate, their bases are cordate[4]and the apex is pointed. The veins and margins of the leaves are hairy. The flower is a dense corymb[5]which develops slowly as each part opens. The calyx is long and club-shaped, five petals are each divided into two long parts
The seeds are about the size of a pin's head	After three weeks in a greenhouse
At three months	The stem and leaves are hairy

PLANTS RAISED IN 'THE GARDEN' , RAILWAY CUTTINGS , ENGLAND - INGLATERRA FROM SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL BOTANIC GARDEN

Photographs by South American Pictures

© TONY MORRISON

GLOSSARY
1	crusaders were people who joined the military expeditions known as crusades to take the Holy Land from Islam in the 11th,12th and 13th centuries. The venture was inspired by the Pope in a speech on 27th November 1095. The name is derived from the French word croisée, later croisade and the first crusade was largely supported by France.
2	Knights Hospitaliers were members of a Christian religious order with headquarters in a hospital at Jerusalem. They were first known as Knights of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, After 1310 AD they were known as the Knights of Rhodes and then twenty years later as the Knights of Malta.— Knights Templar were members of a military Christian order founded to protect Jerusalem after its capture in 1099 by the French knight, Godfrey of Bouillon
3	perennial is a plant with permanent underground stems which survive from one year to the next. Each year in the growing season aerial stems are produced with leaves and flowers. For herbaceous or non-woody perennials such as the Nonesuch the aerial plant dies the end of the season
4	cordate is used to describe leaves which are heart-shaped. The word originated in Latin as cordatus meaning 'wise' and then took several other uses including heart shaped leaves
5	A corymb is an arrangement of individual flowers attached by short stalks to a main axis or stem. The number of flowers increases during the growing month until they form a flattened inflorescence which is conspicuous to insects. The Nonesuch inflorescence is approximately 4.5 inches [approx 11.5cm] in diameter

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